Clear shellac(Shell) is a resin secreted by the female lac bug on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes and dissolved in alcohol to make liquid shellac，which is used as a brush-on colorant.

Shellac is a natural bioadhesive polymer and is chemically similar to synthetic polymers，and thus can be considered a natural form of plastic.

The earliest written evidence of shellac goes back 3000 years，but shellac is known to have been used even earlier.

Ethanol(Eth) is ethyl alcohol，the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.

The molecular formula is C₂H₅OH.

Bic blue pen ink(Bic) is normally used to refill ink pens.

It is manufactured by the company Bic. Opposed to pigments，dyes are colored substances that chemically bond to the substrate to which it is being applied.

This is a commonly available product in stores.

Distilled water(H₂O) is useful whenever water must be added to any mixture，it is much cleaner and makes for a smoother mixture than tap water or drinking water.

Ecoline yellow(Ecoy) is an ecoline manufactured by Talens called 'Pastel yellow'.

Green calligraphy ink(Wgi) made by Windsor&Newton.

This is a bright and strong clear ink that flows well and is designed specifically for brush work.

Gall nuts(Gal) are hard nutlike galls that forms on varieties of oak (Quercus cocinea a.o.) in response to the developing larva of a gall wasp. It is used as a source of gallic acid and tannin. It differs slightly from Aleppo galls found in Asia and southern Europe but serves the same purpose.

Tannic acids are organic compounds that contain a 3，4，5-trihydroxybenzoic acid moiety. Gallic acid exists as a solid，slightly soluble (in water)，and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).

Has been harvested for thousands of years as a concentrated source of tannins for use in high-quality inks，in medicine，etc.

Bister(Bis) is a pigment made from the soot and tar of burnt wood or shellac or the ground bark of walnuts and gum arabic. Bister comes from French from the word 'bistre' which stands for brown，hazelnut，dark brown or chocolate brown.



The disadvantage is the non-lightfastness of this material，which easily dissolves in water. The more water used，the lighter the drawing. Drawings made in bister gradually disappear when exposed to sunlight.

Champaign chalk(Cham) is a soft，white，porous，sedimentary carbonate rock，a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. It has a slightly yellowish tint，hence the name.

The molecular formula is CaCO₃.

Hide glue(Size) is an organic colloid of protein derivation used as an adhesive.

Size is derived primarily from collagenous material present in animal hide.

The first known written procedures of making animal glue were written about 2000 BC.