White calligraphy ink(Whit) made by Windsor&Newton.

The ink is very opaque and flows well but must be shaken before use because the elements contained are not in permanent suspension.

Distilled water(H₂O) is useful whenever water must be added to any mixture，it is much cleaner and makes for a smoother mixture than tap water or drinking water.

Bic blue pen ink(Bic) is normally used to refill ink pens.

It is manufactured by the company Bic. Opposed to pigments，dyes are colored substances that chemically bond to the substrate to which it is being applied.

This is a commonly available product in stores.

Bister(Bis) is a pigment made from the soot and tar of burnt wood or shellac or the ground bark of walnuts and gum arabic. Bister comes from French from the word 'bistre' which stands for brown，hazelnut，dark brown or chocolate brown.



The disadvantage is the non-lightfastness of this material，which easily dissolves in water. The more water used，the lighter the drawing. Drawings made in bister gradually disappear when exposed to sunlight.